> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://kleros-mintlify-6ebc7975.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Court V1

> Kleros Court V1 documentation: the original KlerosLiquid arbitration protocol on Ethereum Mainnet and Gnosis Chain, active for web3 integrations.

# Court V1

<Note>
  Court V1 is the production-proven protocol on Ethereum L1 and remains active for web3 integrations. A V2 version is available: [Court V2](/court/overview) on Arbitrum.
</Note>

Kleros Court V1 is the original decentralized dispute resolution protocol deployed on Ethereum Mainnet in 2018. The core smart contract was **KlerosLiquid**, which combined juror staking, random selection, voting, and dispute management in a single contract.

***

## Key Characteristics

* **Network**: Ethereum Mainnet (also deployed on Gnosis Chain / xDAI)
* **Contract**: KlerosLiquid (monolithic all logic in one contract)
* **PNK Staking**: PNK remained in the juror's wallet during staking
* **RNG**: Blockhash-based random number generation
* **Voting**: Commit-reveal with plurality aggregation
* **Standards**: ERC-792 (Arbitration) and ERC-1497 (Evidence)
* **Courts**: Hierarchical subcourt tree with General Court as root

***

## V1 vs V2 Comparison

| Feature      | V1                              | V2                                                   |
| ------------ | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| Network      | Ethereum Mainnet                | Arbitrum One                                         |
| Architecture | Monolithic (KlerosLiquid)       | Modular (KlerosCore + SortitionModule + DisputeKits) |
| Evidence     | Handled by arbitrable contracts | Handled by Court                                     |
| Appeals      | Handled by arbitrable contracts | Handled by Court                                     |
| RNG          | Blockhash                       | Chainlink VRF with fallback                          |
| Cross-chain  | Single chain                    | Multi-chain via VEA bridge                           |
| Gas costs    | High                            | Low                                                  |

***

## V1 Court Structure

V1 had a similar hierarchical court tree to V2, with the General Court as root and specialized subcourts including Blockchain Non-Technical, English Language, Onboarding, and others. Staking in a child court automatically included the juror in all parent courts.

***

## V1 Resources

* **V1 Court App**: Previously at court.kleros.io (now redirects to V2)
* **Contract**: KlerosLiquid on Ethereum Mainnet
* **ERC-792 Standard**: See [ERC-792 documentation](/developers/arbitrable-apps/erc-792)